What are thick concrete pads that transfer the load of piers or columns to the ground called?

The term used to describe thick concrete pads that transfer the load of piers or columns to the ground is "footers." Footers are specifically designed to support the weight of structures and provide a stable base. They are crucial in distributing the load over a larger area to prevent settling or shifting and to ensure the structural integrity of the building.

Footings are typically placed below the frost line to resist heaving during freeze-thaw cycles, which is vital for maintaining stability in colder climates. Their depth and width can vary based on the design of the building and the soil conditions, ensuring that the foundation is strong enough to support the loads imposed by the structure above. This distinction makes the terminology essential in construction and structural engineering, as it impacts the design and safety of the building significantly.