What is a short column with a large cross section in proportion to its length called?

A short column with a large cross section in proportion to its length is termed a pier. This structural element is specifically designed to support load, often in applications such as foundations or bridges, where robust support is necessary. Its squat shape allows it to effectively resist compressive forces, which is essential in maintaining stability in various construction scenarios.

Typically, piers are broader relative to their height compared to other vertical elements like columns or posts. Columns, for instance, tend to be taller and slimmer in proportion to their cross-section. While beams are horizontal structural elements designed to carry vertical loads, and posts can refer to vertical supports that may vary in proportions, piers are distinct due to their short, thick profile, which optimizes them for specific load-bearing situations in building foundations or structural frameworks.