What is the primary function of a fire damper in a building?

The primary function of a fire damper in a building is to stop the spread of smoke and flames through ductwork. Fire dampers are passive fire protection devices that are typically installed in duct systems to maintain the integrity of fire-resistance-rated walls and floors. When a fire occurs, the damper automatically closes in response to heat, creating a barrier that prevents smoke from migrating from one area of the building to another, thus enhancing life safety and reducing property damage.

While regulating air flow is a function of some devices in HVAC systems, the specific role of a fire damper is not primarily to manage airflow but rather to mitigate fire hazards. Similarly, detecting heat and reducing fire load are important concepts in fire prevention and safety, but they do not encapsulate the core purpose of fire dampers. The essence of fire dampers lies in their role as a critical component of a building's fire protection strategy, focusing on limiting smoke and fire spread.