What is the term for the heat released by a solution of material in a liquid?

The term for the heat released by a solution of material in a liquid is accurately identified as the heat of solution. This refers specifically to the energy change associated with the dissolution process when a solute is added to a solvent. When a solute dissolves, it can either absorb or release heat depending on the nature of the solute-solvent interactions.

In cases where heat is released during dissolution, the process is considered exothermic, which results in an increase in temperature of the solution. Conversely, if the dissolution absorbs heat, the process is endothermic, leading to a decrease in the solution temperature. Understanding the heat of solution is essential in various fields, including chemistry and engineering, as it impacts solubility, reaction rates, and thermal properties of solutions.

The other terms mentioned refer to different phenomena. The heat of existence is not a standard term in thermodynamics, while the heat of reaction pertains specifically to the heat change during chemical reactions. The heat of evaporation relates to the energy required for a liquid to transform into a gas. Each is important in its context, but for the question asked about the heat released during the dissolution of materials, heat of solution is the correct and relevant term.