What term is used to describe acts that are deemed necessary to perform duties?

The term used to describe acts that are deemed necessary to perform duties is "ministerial acts." Ministerial acts refer specifically to tasks that an official or employee must perform as a part of their job duties, where there is little to no discretion involved. These acts are prescribed by law or regulation and must be carried out in a specific manner, ensuring that the person executing these acts follows established procedures without personal judgment or choice.

Discretionary acts, on the other hand, involve a degree of personal judgment in their execution. Officials can make choices about how to implement policies or take action, which is not the case with ministerial acts.

Official acts typically refer to actions taken in one's capacity as an official and can encompass both ministerial and discretionary activities.

Statutory acts are actions mandated by law, but not all statutory acts are considered ministerial, as they may also allow for discretion in how they are executed.

In summary, the focus of ministerial acts lies in their nature of being obligatory tasks necessary for fulfilling one's duties without allowance for personal interpretation or choice.