What type of radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves?

The correct answer is gamma radiation, which consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves. Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light but with much higher energy and shorter wavelengths. This high energy enables gamma rays to penetrate various materials, making them significant in many fields, including medical treatments and nuclear physics.

Gamma radiation is distinct from other types of radiation such as alpha and beta radiation. Alpha radiation comprises helium nuclei, which are made of two protons and two neutrons, making it relatively heavy and less penetrating. Beta radiation consists of electrons or positrons, which are lighter than alpha particles and can penetrate materials more effectively than alpha particles but still less so than gamma rays.

Neutron radiation consists of uncharged particles and behaves differently from electromagnetic radiation. Neutrons can cause nuclear reactions and are used in certain types of reactors, but they do not fall under the category of electromagnetic waves.

Understanding the characteristics of gamma radiation helps in recognizing its applications and the necessary safety precautions when dealing with sources of such high-energy emissions.