Which part of a fire sprinkler system is responsible for detecting the fire?

The component of a fire sprinkler system that is responsible for detecting a fire is the head. Specifically, the sprinkler head contains a heat-sensitive element that activates the sprinkler system in response to elevated temperatures indicative of a fire. This heat-sensitive element could be a glass bulb filled with a liquid that expands and shatters when it reaches a specified temperature, allowing water to flow from the sprinkler. Alternatively, it may utilize a fusible link that melts under heat.

The detection process is critical; once the sprinkler head senses the fire’s heat, it opens to release water, which helps control or extinguish the flames. This function distinguishes the sprinkler head as a key element in fire response, ensuring that water is deployed only where needed, thereby optimizing the system's effectiveness and preventing water damage in unaffected areas.

The other components, such as the pipe, valve, and gauges, serve essential roles in the delivery and management of water within the system but do not have the capability to detect fire. Pipes serve as the conduits for water, valves control the flow, and gauges provide pressure readings, all of which support the operational functionality of the system rather than fire detection itself.