Which type of radiation is considered the most harmful?

Gamma rays are considered the most harmful type of radiation because they possess a significantly higher energy level compared to alpha rays, beta rays, and X-rays. This high energy allows gamma rays to penetrate matter more effectively. When gamma rays interact with biological tissues, they can cause considerable cellular damage, leading to increased risks of cancer and other health issues.

Unlike alpha particles, which can be stopped by a sheet of paper, and beta particles, which can be blocked by materials like plastic or glass, gamma rays require dense materials, such as lead or several centimeters of concrete, for effective shielding. This capability to penetrate deeper into materials and living organisms is what makes gamma radiation particularly dangerous in terms of external exposure.

X-rays, while also a form of high-energy radiation, generally have a lower energy and penetrating ability compared to gamma rays. Therefore, in terms of potential harm, gamma rays are understood to be the most dangerous form of radiation encountered.